Biological Nature Vs. Nurture - 871 Words

Pulling from the biological perspective, genetics is the study of heredity. Through these means, this paper explores the role that biological factors play in sex differences in mental health. In order to understand the effects of genes on an individual, the mediated effects of the environment are also taken into consideration. A major argument in the field of genetics is the nature vs. nurture debate regarding the role of genes and the environment that constitute the fate of an individual. Some research has found support for sex differences in depression accounted by differences in inheritance of depression, a benefit from twin studies (Rice, Harold, Thapar, 2002). If depression runs in the biological family, then the chances of developing depression are much higher in that individual, regardless of sex. Some studies have considered how the gene for a specific serotonin transporter can play a role in susceptibility to depression. Serotonin is a chemical important in balancing moods, and so it is believed that a deficiency in serotonin may be a cause for depression (McIntosh, 2015). The predictive role of serotonin in depression is exemplified by the monoamine hypothesis that biologically depression is due to lower levels of serotonin (Eley et al., 2010; McIntosh, 2015). For this reason, researchers have studied the effects that a serotonin gene transporter can have on depression Early childhood experiences of maltreatment have been found to be strongly predictive of theShow MoreRelatedNature Vs Nurture : The Biological Approach962 Words   |  4 Pages Nature vs Nurture is something that has been researched for many years especially when it comes to finding the reason for someone committing a crime. When talking about nature, I am talking about how you are born. The genes that you are born with that make you who you are. When referring to nurture I am talking about how someone is raised. Such as the environment you live in and what is taught to you. As humans we cannot control our nature it is simply what you are born with. When you are born youRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Biological And Social Factors Essay1771 Words   |  8 PagesNature vs. nurture is a well known argument that is often discussed by many psychologists, philosophers, and even everyday people. It raises the question on whether individual identity is shaped through biological factors, social factors, or if it is affected by both factors. Moreover, this argument delves into the territories of vertical and horizontal identities as well. A vertical identity includes the biological and social factors inherited from parents, while a horizontal identity consists ofRead MoreNature Vs Nurture Centers On How Much Of A Person s Biological, Cognitive, And Social Development1541 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Nature Vs Nurture centers on how much of a person’s biological, cognitive, personal and social development can be attributed to either the genetic (hereditary) determinism i.e. nature or the environmental determinism i.e. nurture. Charles Darwin (1809-1882) noted that â€Å"Physical characteristics that promote survival of the individual are more likely to be passed on to offspring because the individuals with these characteristics are likelyRead MoreSerial Killers1314 Words   |  6 Pagestoday is the debate over nature versus nurture. With that debate going on there are many topics that are being researched under it, like serial killers, and what drives them to do what they do. Many scientists are still researching whether or not if serial killers are driven by the way they were raised or if it is a part of their genes. This literature review will analyze what people think about the nature versus nurture debate. It will talk about the nature side and the nurture side of the debate.Read MoreNature vs Nurture, a Not Quite a Twin1684 Words   |  7 PagesNature vs Nurture A Not Quite Twin Study Tamara Richardson Seminole State College of Florida Abstract This paper is going to discuss the Nature vs Nurture debate. There will be history of the debate, where it is presently and where it may go in the future. We will look at the beginning of the debate, the battle that started with Descartes and was pushed further by BF Skinner, Bandura and Piaget. We will further look at Bandura and Piaget and look at Social learning theory verses biology. InterviewsRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture Debate878 Words   |  4 Pages are personalities and traits produced by genetics or shaped by the environment? Or, is there a relationship between nature and nurture with regards to child development? The debate continues. While some believe â€Å"nature and nurture work together, others believe they are separate and opposing influences† (McDevitt, 2010). Nature vs Nurture In regards to the nature vs. nurture debate, â€Å"this debate is a major issue in many social science disciplines and is concerned with the influence that biologyRead MoreEssay on Nature vs Nurture1052 Words   |  5 PagesNature vs. Nurture M. B. Liberty University Psychology 101 Nature vs. Nurture There has been extensive debate between scholars in the field of psychology surrounding the Nature vs. Nurture issue. Both nature and nurture determine who we are and neither is solely independent of the other. â€Å"As the area of a rectangle is determined by its length and its width, so do biology and experience together create us.†(Myers, 2008, p. 8) Carl Gustav Jung, and leading thinker and creator of analyticalRead MoreThe Effect Of Environmental And Genetics On The Development Of A Person1000 Words   |  4 Pageshistory of psychology is the debate of whether or not ones environment or genetic background plays more of a role in the development of a person. Both nature and nurture have been proven to play an important role in one’s development. Nature is what we think of as pre-wiring and is influenced by genetic inheritance and other biological factors. Nurture is generally taken as the influence of external factors after conception e.g. the product of exposure , experience and learning on an individual. ThroughoutRead MoreHomosexuality : Nature And Nature871 Words   |  4 PagesHomosexuality: Nature or nurture By: Clifnie francois Advance Placement Psychology Mr. Cuetara June 4 2015 Abstract The nature and nature of homosexuality is heavily debated. Some people believe that homosexuality is biologically determined and others believe it’s base on ones environment. This topic can be argue to be base on both nature and nurture. Studies conducted in the past decades support both the biological and environmentalRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Addiction1102 Words   |  5 Pages Nature vs. Nurture: Addiction Introduction Psychology is a developing science which studies the mental functions, processes, and behaviors of an individual. In the science of psychology, many debates arise; nature vs. nurture is one of the most popular ones. These psychological debates are followed by research, backing up either nature or nurture or both. Nature suggest heredity impacts human psychological development; nurture suggests the environment impacts our psychological

Why Mandarin Chinese is easier than you think

Mandarin Chinese is often described as a difficult language, sometimes one of the most difficult ones. This is not hard to understand. There are thousands of characters and strange tones! It must surely be impossible to learn for an adult foreigner! You can learn Mandarin ChineseThats nonsense of course. Naturally, if youre aiming for a very high level, it will take time, but I have met many learners who have studied for just a few months (albeit very diligently), and have been able to converse rather freely in Mandarin after that time. Continue such a project for a year and you will probably reach what most people would call fluent. So definitely not impossible. How difficult a language is depends on many things, but your attitude is certainly one of them and its also the easiest one to influence. You stand little chance of changing the Chinese writing system, but you can change your attitude towards it. In this article, Im going to show you certain aspects of the Chinese language and explain why they make learning a lot easier than you might think. How difficult is it to learn Mandarin Chinese? Of course, there are also things that make learning Chinese harder than you think (or perhaps as hard), sometimes even the same things from different angles or on different proficiency levels. That, however, is not the focus of this article. This article focuses on the easy things and is meant to encourage you. For a more pessimistic outlook, Ive written a twin article with the title: Why Mandarin Chinese is harder than you think. If you already study Chinese and want to know why its not always easy, perhaps that article will provide some insights, but below, I will focus on the easy things. Difficult or easy for whom? With what goal? Before we talk about specific factors that make learning Mandarin easier than you might think, Im going to make some assumptions. You are a native speaker of English or some other non-tonal language not related to Chinese at all (which would be most languages in the west). You might not have learnt any other foreign language, or perhaps youve studied one in school.   If your native language is related to Chinese or is influenced by it (such as Japanese, which largely uses the same characters), learning Chinese will become even easier, but what I say below will be true in any case. Coming from other tonal languages makes it easier to understand what tones are, but its not always easier to learn them in Mandarin (different tones). I discuss the downsides of learning a language completely unrelated to your native language in the other article. Furthermore,  Im talking about aiming for a basic level of conversational fluency where you can talk about everyday topics youre familiar with and understand what people say about these things if targeted at you. Approaching advanced or even near-native levels requires a whole new level of commitment and other factors play a bigger role. Including the written language also adds another dimension. Why Mandarin Chinese is easier than you think Without further ado, lets get into the list: No verb conjugations - Partly because of bad teaching practice, many people associate second language learning with endless verb conjugations. When you learn Spanish or French and care about being accurate, you need to remember how the verb changes with the subject. We have this in English too, but its much easier. We doesnt say we has. In Chinese, there are no verb inflections at all. There are some particles that change the function of verbs, but there are certainly no long lists of verb forms you need to memorise. If you know how to say çÅ"‹ (kà  n) look, you can use it for any person referring to any period of time and it will still look the same. Easy! No grammatical cases - In English, we make a difference between how pronouns are handled depending on if they are the subject or the object of a sentence. We say he talks to her; him talks to she is wrong. In some other languages, you need to keep track of different objects and sometimes also not only for pronouns, but for no uns as well. None of that in Chinese! 我 (wÇ’) I, me is used in any situation referring to myself in any way. The only exception would be plural we, which has an extra suffix. Easy!   Flexible parts of speech - When learning most languages other than Chinese, you need to remember different forms of the words depending on what part of speech they belong to. For example, in English we say ice (noun), icy (adjective) and to ice (over)/freeze (verb). These look different. In Chinese, though, these could all be represented by one single verb å† ° (bÄ «ng), which incorporates the meaning of all three. You dont know which one it is unless you know the context. This means that speaking and writing becomes much easier since you dont need to remember so many different forms. Easy! No gender - When you learn French, you need to remember if each noun is meant to be le or la; when learning German, you have der, die and das. Chinese has no (grammatical) gender. In spoken Mandarin, y ou dont even need to make a difference between he, she and it because they are all pronounced the same.  Easy!  Relatively easy word order -  Word order in Chinese can be very tricky, but this mostly becomes apparent at more advanced levels. As a beginner, there are a few patterns you need to learn, and once youve done that, you can just fill in the words youve learnt and people will be able to understand. Even if you mix things up, people will usually still understand, provided that the message you want to convey is relatively simple. It helps that the basic word order is the same as in English, i.e. Subject-Verb-Object (I love you). Easy!Logical number system - Some languages have really bizarre ways of counting. In French, 99 is said as 4 20 19, in Danish 70 is half fourth, but 90 is half fifth. Chinese is really simple. 11 is 10 1, 250 is 2 100 5 10 and 9490 is 9 1000 400 9 10. Numbers do get a little bit harder above that because a new word is used for every four zeroes, not every three as in English, but its still not hard to learn to count. Easy!Logic character and word creation - When you learn words in European languages, you can sometimes see the word roots if youre good at Greek or Latin, but if you take a random sentence (such as this one), you cant really expect to understand how each word is constructed. In Chinese, you actually can do that. This has some significant advantages. Lets look at a few examples of advanced vocabulary that are really easy to learn in Chinese but very hard in English. Leukemia in Chinese is è ¡â‚¬Ã§â„¢Å' blood cancer. Affricate is Ã¥ ¡Å¾Ã¦â€œ ¦Ã©Å¸ ³ stop friction sound (this refers to sounds like ch in church, which has a stop (a t sound), then friction (the sh sound)). If you didnt know what these words meant in English, you probably do now after looking at a literal translation of the Chinese words! These are not exceptions in Chinese, this is the norm. Easy! These are just some of the more obvious reasons that reaching a basic level in Chinese is not as difficult as you think. Another reason is that Chinese is much more hackable than any other language Ive learnt. The difficult parts are easier to hack What do I mean by this? Hacking in this case means understanding how the language works and using that knowledge to create smart ways of learning (this is what my website Hacking Chinese is about). This is especially true for the writing system. If you approach learning Chinese characters like you would learning words in French, the task is daunting. Sure, French words do have prefixes, suffixes and so on and if your Latin and Greek are up to par, you might be able to use this knowledge to your advantage and be able to understand how modern words are created. For the average learner, however, thats not possible. Its also the case that many words in French (or English or many other modern languages) cant be broken down or understood without doing serious research into etymology first. You can of course break them down yourself in ways that make sense to you. In Chinese, however, you dont need to do that! The reason is that one Chinese syllable corresponds to one Chinese character. That gives very little room for change, meaning that while words in English can gradually lose their spelling and morph over the centuries, Chinese characters are much more permanent. They do of course change, but not that much. It also means that the parts that make up the characters are in most cases still present and can be understood on their own, thus making understanding a lot easier. What all this boils down to is that learning Chinese neednt be all that hard. Yes, reaching an advanced level takes a lot of time and effort, but getting to basic conversational fluency is within reach for all those who really want it. Will it take longer than reaching the same level in Spanish? Probably, but not that much if we only talk about the spoken language. Conclusion This article was meant to convince you that you can learn Chinese. Of course, an article like this also has its dark twin, why learning Chinese is actually very hard, especially if you go beyond just basic oral communication. If youre a beginner, you dont really need such an article, but if youve already come a long way and want some sympathy, make sure you read on:Why Mandarin Chinese is harder than you think

Predictors And Consequences Of Sexual Abuse Essay

Predictors and Consequences of Sexual â€Å"Hookups† among College Students: A Short-Term Prospective Study, featured on the NCBI website, discusses the physical consequences of penetrative hook ups in college students. Three of the most common physical consequences were unintended pregnancies, sexual transmitted infections and sexual assault. The number of unintended pregnancies is actually decreasing due to hormonal birth control pills, however the number of cases of sexually transmitted infections and sexual assaults is increasing. Some people can hook up with no issues. In fact about 70% of men and 50% of women report positive feelings about their most recent casual sex encounter as reported by Psychology Today in the article â€Å"10 Things We ve Learned About Hookups and Regret†. Hooking up can be a positive, harmless thing if both people are on the same page. However, sometimes there are heavy consequences. According to the same article, 25% of people feel used or confused about their most recent hook up and people with a higher quantity of sexual partners are more likely to feel regret. Studies also show that high numbers of casual sex encounters is correlated with low levels of self esteem. The CNN article, â€Å"Young Adults and a Hookup Culture†, reports that â€Å"Of the 557 male and female students who responded to a question asking how they felt the morning after a hookup, 41% of those expressed sadness, regret and ambivalence†. There is also an increased amount of young peopleSh ow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Sexual Child Abuse On America1517 Words   |  7 Pages The Impact of Sexual Child Abuse in America Child abuse has been going on for many years. There are many forms of child abuse, however, there is one that is far worse than the rest; sexual abuse. Children has a natural instinct to trust too easily and believe what people tell them, especially if they know those people. Statistics show very high figures of sexual child abuse in America. When children undergo sexual abuse, it impacts their whole being. There are physicalRead MoreAlcohol Use, Abuse, And Related Accidents Among College Adults1412 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion: Alcohol uses among college students-What are the trends in alcohol use, abuse, and related accidents among college aged women versus men? Background National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) defines low risk drinking as less than 4 drinks in a day.1 On the other hand, binge drinking as a pattern of drinking makes blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level to 0.07h/dL. This level is typically reached after 4 drinks for women and 5 drinks for men in approximately 2 hours. DrinkingRead MoreTeen Pregnancy : A Social Issue1371 Words   |  6 Pagesunemployment. A child’s educational performance, inappropriate sexual acts, and inferior apprehensions about their futures play a vital role in teen pregnancies as well. Amongst the listed disadvantages the three that take precedent are lacks of family communication, sexual abuse, and poverty. Furthermore, teen mothers do not fit the ideal ideology of the normative scheduling of motherhood, therefore, ultimately resulting in negative consequences for them and society. What needs to be understood is, asRead MoreIs Juvenile Sex Offenders?1741 Words   |  7 Pagesfollow s properly the registration and notification process that I could barely understood with 6 years of higher education. This paper also seeks social justice for individuals like Forrest Hampton who at the age of 13 was found guilty of having sexual contact with a 9-year-old girl. Hampton is 25 years old and lives in the suburbs of Dallas with his fiancà ©e, who is expecting a baby girl very soon (Bryan, 2015). â€Å"He said he was a troubled kid, but not a pedophile† (Bryan, 2015). He remained inRead MoreChildhood Abuse And Its Effects On Children Essay1521 Words   |  7 Pageschildren suffer abuse. An estimated 702,000 children were confirmed by child protective services as being victims of abuse and neglect in 2014. (CDC, 2016) Studies have found abused and neglected children to be at least 25% more likely to experience problems such as delinquency, teen pregnancy and low academic achievement. (CDC, 2016) A National Institute of Justice study indicated that being abused or neglected as a child increased the likelihood of arrest as juvenile by 59%. Abuse and neglect alsoRead MoreEffectiven ess Of The Treatment Intervention1497 Words   |  6 Pagesposttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was studied in relation to panic disorders. In the article, â€Å"Influence of trauma history on panic and posttraumatic stress disorder in returning veterans,† researchers examined the role of predeployment sexual and physical abuse, combat exposure, and postdeployment social support in predicting panic disorder and PTSD diagnoses in a large sample of returning veterans (Barrera, Granham, Dunn Teng, 2013). To date, more than one third of returning veterans seekingRead MoreGender Based Violence Against Women1238 Words   |  5 Pagesvarious stages of the woman’s life (Murthy and Smith, 2010), and refers not only to physical and sexual acts of violence, but also encompasses verbal abuse, emotional torture, economic deprivation, and social disregard (Kapoor and Dhingra, 2013). An official report by the World Health Organization estimates that globally, 1 in 3 women are affected by physical and/or sexual violence by a partner and sexual violence by a non-partner, and therefore deeming the issue as a global pandemic that require attentionRead MoreSexual Harassment At A Workplace Organization Essay1400 Words   |  6 PagesNumerous studies have been conducted on sexual harassment in a workplace organization. Workplace sexual harassment receives a lot of attention. According to James R. DiSanza and Nancy J. Legge (2012), sexual harassment is defined as: â€Å"Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that takes place under any of the following circumstances: 1. When submission to the sexual advance is a condition of keeping or getting a job, whether expressedRead MoreAnimal Cruelty1016 Words   |  5 Pagesencompasses neglect, abuse, abandonment, sexual abuse of animals and animal fighting. Due to efforts by organizations such as PETA, ASPCA, HSUS in educating and providing awareness to the topic of animal cruelty, many more individuals have become more aware of their actions against animals. In conjunction with these listed organizations, states such as Maryland have adopted legislation to help combat animal cruelty and serve as advocates for animals. The three most rigorous forms of animal abuse that need toRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1341 Words   |  6 Pagespsychological, emotional abuse, divorce of parents, major health problems of a vital family member, drug abuse and major financial issue within their homes (3) ( Hope, pg.6 2003). Conflicts and tension are a normal part of family life. Conflicts that escalate or cannot be resolved can be destructive to the family and affect the connections between teens and parents. This study records the dysfunctions in many teens’ environments and states those common problems increase the risk of early sexual activity and

A Report on the novel 1984, by George Orwell Essay Example For Students

A Report on the novel 1984, by George Orwell Essay 1984 was a very important book. First, it helped show where communism was headed, and helped create repulsion towards Communism. Before this book and Animal Farm a lot of people thought Communism was a good thing. The major mainstream generally neutral about it, but this book really opened up and showed what a bad idea it was, because it showed where communism was headed, not a place where everyone was equal, but a place that was once that and evolved into a horrible totalitarian government that could never be toppled. Second, Im not sure whether this book could last for years for generations to enjoy. Although I hope it remains a favorite, it was really ment as a political novel of the 20th century. It could still last though, if people dont forget about the 20th century, or something similar to communism appears in the future. and even if that doesnt happen, it will probably still be liked because its just a good book Also, it would be ironic if something sim! ilar to newspeak comes about, English is forgotten and this book would be unreadible. We will write a custom essay on A Report on the novel 1984, by George Orwell specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Third, I think this shows an interesting portrait of human life. Its true, the upper class always tries to stay upper, the middle class tries to join the upper class, and the lower class wants everyone to be equal. Forth, I think this book would go very good in a series. I dont mean exactly sequels, but the world of 1984, a series of books that shows Big Brothers rise to power, and who he really is, stories about Eastasia and Eurasia, whats going on in the Inner Party, a visit to the place where the telescreens are monitored, et cerera by the way, I think there might be a sequel, Im not sure. I saw a book thats supposed to be similar, only its in the year 2000 and written by a different author, and it was written in the last two years Well, I hoped I proved why 1984 is my favorite book, I guess. Summary of 1984 This story takes place in London, Airstrip One, formally called England, before it joined with North America, South America and some small European countries to form Oceania, which is based on the Ingsoc English Socialism political structure, which consists of Big Brother, the Inner Party, the Outer Party, and the proles. Big Brother is the mysterious elite totalitarian leader, whom the Outer Party adores. Only his voice is heard on the telescreen a two direction broadcasting television, used for constantly pumping propaganda into people while monitoring them simultaneously, and a picture of him is posted on the walls. No one knows where he resides, and no one knows what his real name is. Then theres the elite, the Inner Party. Theyre upper class, and their main focus is to keep the middle class the Outer Party and the lower class the proles in line, and prevent them from getting to their status or starting revolutions or something. They get the Outer Party in line by getting them to love Big Brother, torturing them, and constantly pumping their heads with propaganda. They get the proles in line by keeping them ignorant, by giving them entertainment and such to keep them happy, and keep them ignorant about the suffering and injustice going on. If the proles wished so, they could easily overthrow the party. The books main character is named Winston Smith, and hes from Airstrip One. He works at the Ministry of Truth, a place where propaganda is made, and media is changed and edited. Winstons job is editing old copies of The Times, which is the newspaper in London. Winston had been a thought criminal, which is someone who thought against Big Brother or the establishment, even very slightly. Winston bought a diary, and wrote DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER in it, as kind of a way to express himself and his rebelliousness on paper. Soon, Winston has an affair with a women named Julia. They rebel against Big Brother by loving each other, and having sex. Love and sex are against Big Brother because they divert love and energy away from him. .uf4a9ed587d7e7c89fc5c782ca0a63583 , .uf4a9ed587d7e7c89fc5c782ca0a63583 .postImageUrl , .uf4a9ed587d7e7c89fc5c782ca0a63583 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf4a9ed587d7e7c89fc5c782ca0a63583 , .uf4a9ed587d7e7c89fc5c782ca0a63583:hover , .uf4a9ed587d7e7c89fc5c782ca0a63583:visited , .uf4a9ed587d7e7c89fc5c782ca0a63583:active { border:0!important; } .uf4a9ed587d7e7c89fc5c782ca0a63583 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf4a9ed587d7e7c89fc5c782ca0a63583 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf4a9ed587d7e7c89fc5c782ca0a63583:active , .uf4a9ed587d7e7c89fc5c782ca0a63583:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf4a9ed587d7e7c89fc5c782ca0a63583 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf4a9ed587d7e7c89fc5c782ca0a63583 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf4a9ed587d7e7c89fc5c782ca0a63583 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf4a9ed587d7e7c89fc5c782ca0a63583 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf4a9ed587d7e7c89fc5c782ca0a63583:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf4a9ed587d7e7c89fc5c782ca0a63583 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf4a9ed587d7e7c89fc5c782ca0a63583 .uf4a9ed587d7e7c89fc5c782ca0a63583-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf4a9ed587d7e7c89fc5c782ca0a63583:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Morrison's novel Beloved EssayWinston and Julia join up with OBriena member of the top-secret elite group of rebels, The Brotherhood. Winston and Julia get caught by the thought police, and Winston gets sent to the Ministry of Love. Here Winston gets tortured, and gets made to think that 2 + 2 =5, and ultimately gets made to betray Julia, the person he would never betray. Days later, Winston in sitting in the Chestnut Tree Cafe, listening to the telescreen for the news of the war to come on. Thenit comes on. Oceania has taken over Africa. Then, Winston realizes he loves Big Brother! Psychological Analysis of Winston Smith Main Character The main purpose of this book of this book is to present a psychological study of Winston Smith. He goes through all sorts of psychological phases, from primarily the society he lives in and how it influences him. At first, he thinks hes some sort of individual, and different then most people. He finally expresses it on paper. Then he feels rage, because hes jealous of Julia. Then he feels hope, because hes part of a group doing the right thing. Then, he feels hope, but hes not happy. This is after hes captured. Then, hes resistant to the capturers, and thinks they can never get to him. When he faces his greatest fear, rats, his spirit is broken. Then, he goes into realization, realization that he loves Big Brother after Oceania takes over Africa. In conclusion, this book shows that the society is a great influence of the mentality of the people in it, even if they dont like it. Everybody will betray their loved ones, at some cost, and will be forced into so! mething that they hate, at some cost.